The Gulf of Maine, with its rugged shoreline and treacherous waters, has been the final resting place for countless ships throughout history. From ancient merchant vessels to naval warships, the ocean floor holds a vast array of artifacts waiting to be discovered. For beachcombers, the thrill of finding a piece of history is unmatched, but it's crucial to approach these discoveries with care and responsibility. This guide will walk you through the process of identifying and preserving historic shipwreck artifacts found along the Gulf of Maine coast.
Recognizing Potential Shipwreck Artifacts
Not every interesting object you find on the beach is a shipwreck artifact, but many items can be clues to the past. Here are some common categories and examples of what to look for:
Metal Objects
- Anchors and Anchor Parts: Look for rusted iron or steel anchors, anchor stocks, or fragments. Old anchors often have a distinctive shape and may bear maker's marks or dates.
- Nails and Fasteners: Shipbuilders used various types of nails and fasteners. Older ships might have copper or bronze fasteners due to their resistance to corrosion.
- Cannonballs and Shot: Round shot, chain shot, and other types of cannonballs can indicate a naval or armed merchant vessel.
- Other Metal Items: Fragments of machinery, tools, or personal items like buckles and buttons can also be significant.
Ceramics and Glass
- Tableware and Storage Containers: Fragments of ceramics, glass bottles, or jars can provide insight into the lives of the people on board.
- Look for Markings: Many ceramics and some glass items bear maker's marks, dates, or other identifying features.
Wood and Other Organic Materials
- Timber and Planking: Large pieces of wood, especially those with shipbuilding characteristics like caulking or treenails, can be parts of a ship's hull.
- Other Organic Finds: Items like rope, cordage, or even personal belongings made from wood or other organic materials can be significant.
Initial Assessment and Documentation
When you find something that could be a historic shipwreck artifact:
- Leave it in Place if Possible: Avoid disturbing the artifact further until you've documented it. This helps preserve the context.
- Take Photographs: Capture detailed images from multiple angles. Include a scale (like a ruler or coin) in the photos for reference.
- Record the Location: Note the exact location using GPS if possible. Describe the surrounding environment.
- Make Initial Observations: Record your first impressions, including the material, condition, and any visible markings.
Identifying Your Find
To determine if your discovery is indeed a historic shipwreck artifact and to understand its significance:
- Consult Local Experts: Reach out to local historical societies, maritime museums, or archaeological organizations. They can provide valuable insights and help with identification.
- Research Online Resources: Utilize online databases and historical records. Websites like the National Register of Historic Places or local maritime history sites can be invaluable.
- Consider Professional Analysis: For particularly significant or uncertain finds, consider consulting a professional archaeologist or conservator.
Preservation and Conservation
Once you've identified an artifact, proper preservation is key to ensuring its longevity:
Handling with Care
- Minimize Handling: Artifacts can be fragile. Handle them as little as possible to prevent damage.
- Use Gloves: Wear gloves to prevent oils from your skin from damaging the artifact.
Storage and Conservation
- Store in a Stable Environment: Keep artifacts away from extreme temperatures and humidity.
- Seek Professional Conservation: For significant or fragile items, consult a professional conservator. They can provide the necessary care to stabilize and preserve the artifact.
Legal Considerations
- Understand Local Laws: Familiarize yourself with local and federal laws regarding the ownership and preservation of historic artifacts. In many cases, artifacts from public waters are considered public property.
- Report Significant Finds: If your discovery is significant, report it to the appropriate authorities. This may include local law enforcement, historical preservation societies, or state archaeologists.
The Role of Beachcombers in Preservation
Beachcombers play a crucial role in the discovery and preservation of historic shipwreck artifacts. By being mindful of the significance of their finds and taking responsible actions, they can contribute to a greater understanding of maritime history.
Best Practices for Beachcombers
- Educate Yourself: Learn about the history of the area you're exploring and the types of artifacts you might encounter.
- Join Local Groups: Many areas have beachcombing or historical groups that can provide support and guidance.
- Report Finds: Even if you're not sure about the significance of an artifact, reporting it can lead to important discoveries.
Conclusion
The Gulf of Maine coastline is a treasure trove of history, with each beachcombing find offering a glimpse into the past. By learning to identify and preserve historic shipwreck artifacts, beachcombers can play a vital role in uncovering and protecting our maritime heritage. Whether you're a seasoned collector or just starting out, every find has the potential to tell a story worth sharing.